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Kajian Cemaran Timbal (Pb) pada Proses Produksi Gula
Abstract
Adanya cemaran logam berat pada produk pangan berdampak buruk terhadap kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi terkait perpindahan logam Pb dari setiap tahapan proses pengolahan gula kristal putih. Sampel diambil dari 4 wilayah kerja pabrik gula yaitu PG Glenmore, PG Bungamayang, PG Pesantren Baru dan PG Semboro. Tanah dan tanaman tebu diambil sampel secara tertelusur dari lokasi yang telah ditandai. Bahan alur proses dari pabrik gula berupa nira perahan pertama (NPP), nira mentah (NM), nira jernih (NJ), nira kental (NK), gula, ampas tebu, blotong dan tetes. Kandungan Pb dianalisis dengan spektofotometer serapan atom. Faktor transfer ditentukan dengan membandingkan tingkat konsentrasi Pb dalam nira dengan tanah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya logam berat Pb dari tanah dapat terserap kedalam tanaman tebu. Nilai transfer factor logam Pb dari tanah ke nira tebu dari empat wilayah kerja pabrik gula berkisar antara 0,00-1,84. Kandungan Pb di tanah berkisar antara 1,53-10,38 mg/kg. Kandungan Pb dalam nira tebu berkisar antara <0,11–13,07 mg/kg. Rerata kandungan Pb dari NPP menjadi NJ relatif konstan jumlahnya dan terjadi peningkatan pada NK akibat pemekatan. Proses yang terjadi pada empat pabrik gula yaitu PG Glenmore, PG Bungamayang, PG Pesantren Baru dan PG Semboro dapat menekan kandungan cemaran logam Pb pada produk gula hingga < 0,075 mg/kg.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.54256/isrj.v5i2.168
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